Syllabus ER2020 First year D Pharm PHARMACOGNOSY - THEORY and Practicals

PHARMACOGNOSY - THEORY PHARMACOGNOSY - THEORY Course Code: ER2020-137 75 Hours (3 Hours/week) Scope: This course is designed to impart knowledge on the medicinal uses of various drugs of natural origin. Also, the course emphasises the fundamental concepts in the evaluation of crude drugs, alternative systems of medicine, nutraceuticals, and herbal cosmetics. Course Objectives: This course will discuss the following aspects of drug substances derived from natural resources. 1. Occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests of common phytoconstituents. 2. Therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical applications of various natural drug substances and phytoconstituents. 3. Biological source, chemical constituents of selected crude drugs and their therapeutic efficacy in common diseases and ailments. 4. Basic concepts in quality control of crude drugs and various system of medicines. 5. Applications of herbs in health foods and cosmetics Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to identify the important/common crude drugs of natural origin Describe the uses of herbs in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals Discuss the principles of alternative system of medicines Describe the importance of quality control of drugs of natural origin. CHAPTER 1. Definition, history, present status and scope of Pharmacognosy 2-Hours. CHAPTER 2.Classification of drugs:Alphabetical, Taxonomical, Morphological, Pharmacological, Chemical, Chemo-taxonomical. 4-Hours. CHAPTER 3. Quality control of crude drugs: o Different methods of adulteration of crude drugs o Evaluation of crude drugs. 6-Hours. CHAPTER 4. Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils, tannins and resins. 6-Hours. CHAPTER 5. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of the following categories of crude drugs. 30-Hours. Laxatives: Aloe, Castor oil, ispaghula, Senna Cardiotonic: Digitalis, Arjuna Carminatives and G.l. regulators: Coriander, Fennel, Cardamom, Ginger, Clove, Black Pepper, Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon. Astringents: Myrobalan, Black Catechu, Pale Catechu Drugs acting on nervous system: Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Ephedra, Opium, Tea leaves, Coffee seeds, Coca. Anti-hypertensive: Rauwolfia Antitussive: Vasaka, Tolu Balsam Anti-rheumatics: Colchicum seed Anti-tumour: Vinca, Podophyllum Antidiabetics: Pterocarpus, Gymnema Diuretics: Gokhru, Punarnava Antidysenteric ipecacuanha Antiseptics and disinfectants: Benzoin, Myrrh, Neem, Turmeric Antimalarials: Cinchona, Artemisia Oxytocic: Ergot Vitamins: Cod liver oil, Shark liver oil Enzymes: Papaya, Diastase, Pancreatin, Yeast Pharmaceutical Aids: Kaolin, Lanolin, Beeswax, Acacia, Tragacanth, Sodium alginate, Agar, Guar gum, Gelatine. Miscellaneous Squill, Galls, Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Guggul. CHAPTER 06. Plant fibres used as surgical dressings: Cotton, silk, wool and regenerated fibres Sutures - Surgical Catgut and Ligatures. 3-Hours. CHAPTER 07. Basic principles involved in the traditional systems of medicine like: Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy o Method of preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like: Arista, Asava, Gutika, Taila, Churna, Lehya and Bhasma. 8-Hours. CHAPTER 8. Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in national economy and their export potential. 2-Hours. CHAPTER 9. Herbs as health food: Brief introduction and therapeutic applications of: Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Probiotics, Probiotics, Dietary fibres, Omega-3-fatty acids, Spirulina, Carotenoids, Soya and Garlic. 4-Hours. CHAPTER 10. introduction to herbal formulations. 4-Hours. CHAPTER 11. Herbal cosmetics: Sources, chemical constituents, commercial preparations,therapeutic and cosmetic uses of: Aloe vera gel, Almond oil, Lavender oil, Olive oil, Rosemary oil, SandalWood oil. 4-Hours. CHAPTER 12. Phytochemical investigation of drugs. 2-Hours. PHARMACOGNOSY - PRACTICAL Course Code: ER20-13P 75 Hours (3 Hours/week) Scope: This course is designed to train the students in physical identification, morphological characterization, physical and chemical characterization, and evaluation of commonly used herbal drugs. Course Objectives: This course will provide hands-on experiences to the students in 1. identification of the crude drugs based on their morphological characteristics. 2. Various characteristic anatomical characteristics of the herbal drugs studied through the transverse section. 3. Physical and chemical tests to evaluate the crude drugs Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to * Identify the given crude drugs based on the morphological characteristics. * Take a transverse section of the given crude drugs. * Describe the anatomical characteristics of the given crude drug under microscopical conditions. * Carry out the physical and chemical tests to evaluate the given crude drugs. I. Morphological identification of the following drugs: ispaghula, Senna, Coriander, Fennel, Cardamom, Ginger, Nutmeg, Black Pepper, Cinnamon, Clove, Ephedra, Rauwolfia, Gokhru, Punarnava, Cinchona, Agar. II. Gross anatomical studies (Transverse Section) of the following drugs: Ajwain, Datura, Cinnamon, Cinchona, Coriander, Ashwagandha, Liquorice, Clove, Curcuma, Nux-vomica, Vasaka III. Physical and chemical tests for evaluation of any FIVE of the following drugs: Asafoetida, Benzoin, Pale catechu, Black catechu, Castor oil, Acacia, Tragacanth, Agar, Guar gum, Gelatine. Assignments: The students shall be asked to submit the written assignments on the following topics (One assignment per student per sessional period. i.e., a minimum of THREE assignments per student) 1. Market preparations of various dosage forms of Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathic (Classical and Proprietary), indications, and their labelling requirements. 2. Market preparations of various herbal formulations and herbal cosmetics, indications, and their labelling requirements. 3. Herb-Drug interactions documented in the literature and their clinical significance. Field Visit: The students shall be taken in groups to a medicinal garden to witness and understand the nature of various medicinal plants discussed in theory and practical courses. Additionally, they shall be taken in groups to the pharmacies of traditional systems of medicines to understand the availability of various dosage forms and their labelling requirements. individual reports from each student on their learning experience from the field visit shall be submitted. Scope: This course imparts knowledge on the medicinal uses of various drugs of natural origin. Also, the course emphasises the fundamental concepts in the evaluation of crude drugs, alternative systems of medicine, nutraceuticals, and herbal cosmetics. Course Objectives: This course will discuss the following aspects of drug substances derived from natural resources. 1. Occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests of common phytoconstituents. 2. Therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical applications of various natural drug substances and phytoconstituents. 3. Biological source, chemical constituents of selected crude drugs and their therapeutic efficacy in common diseases and ailments. 4. Basic concepts in quality control of crude drugs and various systems of medicines. 5. Applications of herbs in health foods and cosmetics Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to Identify the important/common crude drugs of natural origin. Describe the uses of herbs in nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals. Discuss the principles of alternative system of medicines. Describe the importance of quality control of drugs of natural origin. CHAPTER-1. Definition, history, present status and scope of Pharmacognosy. 2-Hours. CHAPTER-2 Classification of drugs: Alphabetical, Taxonomical, Morphological, Pharmacological, Chemical, Chemo-taxonomical. 4Hrs CHAPTER-3. Quality control of crude drugs: o Different methods of adulteration of crude drugs o Evaluation of crude drugs. 6Hrs. CHAPTER-4. Brief outline of occurrence, distribution, isolation, identification tests, therapeutic activity and pharmaceutical applications of alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, volatile oils, tannins and resins. 6Hrs. CHAPTER-5. Biological source, chemical constituents and therapeutic efficacy of the following categories of crude drugs. 30Hrs. Laxatives: Aloe, Castor oil, ispaghula, Senna Cardiotonic: Digitalis, Arjuna Carminatives and G.l. regulators: Coriander, Fennel, Cardamom, Ginger, Clove, Black Pepper, Asafoetida, Nutmeg, Cinnamon. Astringents: Myrobalan, Black Catechu, Pale Catechu Drugs acting on nervous system: Hyoscyamus, Belladonna, Ephedra, Opium, Tea leaves, Coffee seeds, Coca. Anti-hypertensive: Rauwolfia Antitussive: Vasaka, Tolu Balsam Anti-rheumatics: Colchicum seed Anti-tumour: Vinca, Podophyllum Antidiabetics: Pterocarpus, Gymnema Diuretics: Gokhru, Punarnava Antidysenteric ipecacuanha Antiseptics and disinfectants: Benzoin, Myrrh, Neem, Turmeric Antimalarials: Cinchona, Artemisia Oxytocic: Ergot Vitamins: Cod liver oil, Shark liver oil Enzymes: Papaya, Diastase, Pancreatin, Yeast Pharmaceutical Aids: Kaolin, Lanolin, Beeswax, Acacia, Tragacanth, Sodium alginate, Agar, Guar gum, Gelatine. Miscellaneous Squill, Galls, Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Guggul. CHAPTER-6. Plant fibres used as surgical dressings: Cotton, silk, wool and regenerated fibres. Sutures - Surgical Catgut and Ligatures. 3-Hours. CHAPTER-7. Basic principles involved in the traditional systems of medicine like: Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Homoeopathy o Method of preparation of Ayurvedic formulations like: Arista, Asava, Gutika, Taila, Churna, Lehya and Bhasma 8Hrs. CHAPTER-8. Role of medicinal and aromatic plants in national economy and their export potential 2Hrs. CHAPTER-9. Herbs as health food: Brief introduction and therapeutic applications of: Nutraceuticals, Antioxidants, Probiotics, Probiotics, Dietary fibres, Omega-3-fatty acids, Spirulina, Carotenoids, Soya and Garlic. 4Hrs. CHAPTER-10. Introduction to herbal formulations 4Hrs. CHAPTER-11. Herbal cosmetics: Sources, chemical constituents, commercial preparations, therapeutic and cosmetic uses of: Aloe vera gel, Almond oil, Lavender oil, Olive oil, Rosemary oil, SandalWood oil. 4Hrs. CHAPTER-12. Phytochemical investigation of drugs 2Hrs. PHARMACOGNOSY - PRACTICAL Course Code: ER20-13P 75 Hours (3 Hours/week) Scope: This course is designed to train the students in physical identification, morphological characterization, physical and chemical characterization, and evaluation of commonly used herbal drugs. Course Objectives: This course will provide hands-on experiences to the students in ವ್ಯಾಪ್ತಿ: ಈ ಕೋರ್ಸ್ ಅನ್ನು ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಭೌತಿಕ ಗುರುತಿಸುವಿಕೆ, ರೂಪಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಗುಣಲಕ್ಷಣ, ಭೌತಿಕ ಮತ್ತು ರಾಸಾಯನಿಕ ಗುಣಲಕ್ಷಣ ಮತ್ತು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಬಳಸುವ ಗಿಡಮೂಲಿಕೆ ಔಷಧಿಗಳ ಮೌಲ್ಯಮಾಪನದಲ್ಲಿ ತರಬೇತಿ ನೀಡಲು ವಿನ್ಯಾಸಗೊಳಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ. ಕೋರ್ಸ್ ಉದ್ದೇಶಗಳು: ಈ ಕೋರ್ಸ್ ವಿದ್ಯಾರ್ಥಿಗಳಿಗೆ ಹ್ಯಾಂಡ್-ಆನ್ ಅನುಭವಗಳನ್ನು ಒದಗಿಸುತ್ತದೆ 1. identification of the crude drugs based on their morphological characteristics 1. ಕಚ್ಚಾ ಔಷಧಗಳ ರೂಪಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಗುಣಲಕ್ಷಣಗಳ ಆಧಾರದ ಮೇಲೆ ಗುರುತಿಸುವುದು 2. Various characteristic anatomical characteristics of the herbal drugs studied through the transverse section. 2. ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಮಾಡಿದ ಗಿಡಮೂಲಿಕೆ ಔಷಧಗಳ ವಿವಿಧ ವಿಶಿಷ್ಟ ಅಂಗರಚನಾ ಗುಣಲಕ್ಷಣಗಳು ಟ್ರಾನ್ಸ್ ವರ್ಸ್ ವಿಭಾಗದ ಮೂಲಕ. 3. Physical and chemical tests to evaluate the crude drugs Course Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to Identify the given crude drugs based on the morphological characteristics. Take a transverse section of the given crude drugs. Describe the anatomical characteristics of the crude drug under microscopical conditions. Carry out the physical and chemical tests to evaluate the given crude drugs. Morphological identification of the following drugs: ispaghula, Senna, Coriander, Fennel, Cardamom, Ginger, Nutmeg, Black Pepper, Cinnamon, Clove, Ephedra, Rauwolfia, Gokhru, Punarnava, Cinchona, Agar. Gross anatomical studies (Transverse Section) of the following drugs: Ajwain, Datura, Cinnamon, Cinchona, Coriander, Ashwagandha, Liquorice, Clove, Curcuma, Nux-vomica, Vasaka Physical and chemical tests for evaluation of any FIVE of the following drugs: Asafoetida, Benzoin, Pale catechu, Black catechu, Castor oil, Acacia, Tragacanth, Agar, Guar gum, Gelatine. Assignments: The students shall be asked to submit the written assignments on the following topics (One assignment per student per sessional period. i.e., a minimum of THREE assignments per student) 1. Market preparations of various dosage forms of Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha, Homoeopathic (Classical and Proprietary), indications, and their labelling requirements. 2. Market preparations of various herbal formulations and herbal cosmetics, indications, and their labelling requirements. 3. Herb-Drug interactions documented in the literature and their clinical significance. Field Visit: The students shall be taken in groups to a medicinal garden to witness and understand the nature of various medicinal plants discussed in theory and practical courses. Additionally, they shall be taken in groups to the pharmacies of traditional systems of medicines to understand the availability of various dosage forms and their labelling requirements. individual reports from each student on their learning experience from the field visit shall be submitted.